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Architecture Overview

Understanding the complete architecture of the Deplate.io infrastructure template - from high-level design to detailed component interactions.

🏗️ High-Level Architecture

Section titled “🏗️ High-Level Architecture”

The infrastructure follows a modern microservices architecture pattern with clear separation of concerns:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                     Internet                            │
└─────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────┘
                  │
         ┌────────▼────────┐
         │   DNS & CDN     │
         │ (Cloudflare)    │
         └─────────┬───────┘
                   │
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│              Kubernetes Cluster                         │
│                                                         │
│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐  │
│  │            Load Balancer                         │  │
│  │           (Traefik Ingress)                      │  │
│  └────────────┬───────────────────┬─────────────────┘  │
│               │                   │                    │
│      ┌────────▼────────┐ ┌────────▼────────┐          │
│      │   Frontend      │ │    Backend      │          │
│      │   (Next.js)     │ │   (Laravel)     │          │
│      │                 │ │                 │          │
│      │ - SSR           │ │ - API Endpoints │          │
│      │ - Static Assets │ │ - WebSockets    │          │
│      │ - Auto-scaling  │ │ - Auto-scaling  │          │
│      └─────────────────┘ └─────────┬───────┘          │
│                                    │                  │
│                        ┌───────────▼───────────┐      │
│                        │    Background Jobs    │      │
│                        │                       │      │
│                        │ - Workers            │      │
│                        │ - Scheduler          │      │
│                        │ - Queue Processing   │      │
│                        └───────────┬───────────┘      │
│                                    │                  │
│      ┌─────────────────────────────▼─────────────────┐ │
│      │                Data Layer                     │ │
│      │                                               │ │
│      │ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐       │ │
│      │ │ MariaDB  │ │  Redis   │ │ RabbitMQ │       │ │
│      │ │(Database)│ │ (Cache)  │ │ (Queue)  │       │ │
│      │ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘       │ │
│      │                                               │ │
│      │ ┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐           │ │
│      │ │    MinIO     │ │   Graylog    │           │ │
│      │ │  (Storage)   │ │  (Logging)   │           │ │
│      │ └──────────────┘ └──────────────┘           │ │
│      └───────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
                          │
                ┌─────────▼─────────┐
                │   AWS Services    │
                │                   │
                │ - SES (Email)     │
                │ - IAM (Access)    │
                │ - Route53 (DNS)   │
                └───────────────────┘

🚀 Application Layer

Section titled “🚀 Application Layer”

Frontend Application (Next.js)

Section titled “Frontend Application (Next.js)”
  • Technology: Next.js 13+ with App Router
  • Rendering: Server-Side Rendering (SSR) and Static Generation
  • Deployment: Kubernetes deployment with auto-scaling
  • Domains: yourdomain.com, www.yourdomain.com

Key Features:

  • React 18+ with modern features
  • TypeScript for type safety
  • Optimized build caching
  • Progressive Web App (PWA) capabilities
  • SEO-optimized with structured data

Backend Application (Laravel)

Section titled “Backend Application (Laravel)”
  • Technology: Laravel 10+ with PHP 8.2+
  • Architecture: Multi-container deployment
  • Domains: app.yourdomain.com

Container Structure:

Backend Pod:
├── Nginx Container (Web Server)
├── PHP-FPM Container (Application)
├── Init Container (Migrations)
└── Shared Volumes

Key Features:

  • RESTful API endpoints
  • WebSocket support (Laravel Reverb)
  • Queue-based background processing
  • Database migrations automation
  • Session management with Redis

Background Processing

Section titled “Background Processing”
  • Workers: Process queued jobs asynchronously
  • Scheduler: Handles cron-like tasks
  • Queue System: Redis-backed job queue

🗄️ Data Layer

Section titled “🗄️ Data Layer”

Primary Database (MariaDB)

Section titled “Primary Database (MariaDB)”
  • Setup: High-availability cluster
  • Features: Master-slave replication, automated backups
  • Storage: Persistent volumes with SSD storage
  • Monitoring: Performance metrics and slow query logging
MariaDB Cluster:
├── Primary Node (Read/Write)
├── Secondary Node (Read-only)
├── Automated Backups
└── Point-in-time Recovery

Cache Layer (Redis)

Section titled “Cache Layer (Redis)”
  • Use Cases: Session storage, application cache, queue backend
  • Configuration: Cluster mode with persistence
  • Features: High availability with Sentinel

Message Queue (RabbitMQ)

Section titled “Message Queue (RabbitMQ)”
  • Purpose: Reliable message delivery and job processing
  • Features: Dead letter queues, message persistence
  • Management: Web-based administration interface

Object Storage (MinIO)

Section titled “Object Storage (MinIO)”
  • Compatibility: S3-compatible API
  • Use Cases: File uploads, static assets, backups
  • Features: Multi-tenancy, encryption, versioning

🔧 Infrastructure Layer

Section titled “🔧 Infrastructure Layer”

Container Orchestration (Kubernetes)

Section titled “Container Orchestration (Kubernetes)”
  • Version: 1.19+ with modern features
  • Networking: CNI with network policies
  • Storage: CSI drivers for dynamic provisioning
  • Security: RBAC, pod security policies

Ingress & Load Balancing (Traefik)

Section titled “Ingress & Load Balancing (Traefik)”
  • Features: Automatic SSL/TLS, load balancing
  • Integrations: Let’s Encrypt, middleware support
  • Monitoring: Metrics and tracing

Certificate Management (cert-manager)

Section titled “Certificate Management (cert-manager)”
  • Provider: Let’s Encrypt integration
  • Features: Automatic renewal, wildcard certificates
  • Validation: DNS-01 and HTTP-01 challenges

Monitoring Stack

Section titled “Monitoring Stack”
  • Logs: Graylog for centralized logging
  • Metrics: Prometheus for time-series data
  • Alerting: Automated alert management
  • Visualization: Grafana dashboards

☁️ Cloud Services

Section titled “☁️ Cloud Services”

Email Service (AWS SES)

Section titled “Email Service (AWS SES)”
  • Features: Transactional email, bounce handling
  • Configuration: DKIM, SPF, domain verification
  • Monitoring: Delivery metrics and analytics

Identity & Access (AWS IAM)

Section titled “Identity & Access (AWS IAM)”
  • Security: Least-privilege access
  • Features: Service accounts, access key rotation
  • Monitoring: CloudTrail audit logging

🌐 Network Architecture

Section titled “🌐 Network Architecture”

Traffic Flow

Section titled “Traffic Flow”
Internet Request
    ↓
DNS Resolution (Cloudflare)
    ↓
Load Balancer (Traefik)
    ↓
Application Pod (Frontend/Backend)
    ↓
Data Layer (Database/Cache)

Security Layers

Section titled “Security Layers”
  1. Edge Security: DDoS protection, WAF
  2. Network Policies: Pod-to-pod communication control
  3. TLS Encryption: End-to-end encryption
  4. RBAC: Kubernetes role-based access

Domain Strategy

Section titled “Domain Strategy”
  • Primary: yourdomain.com → Frontend
  • API: app.yourdomain.com → Backend
  • Static: static.yourdomain.com → CDN/Storage
  • Wildcard: *.yourdomain.com → Certificate coverage

🔄 Data Flow Patterns

Section titled “🔄 Data Flow Patterns”

User Request Flow

Section titled “User Request Flow”
1. User Request → CDN/DNS
2. CDN → Load Balancer
3. Load Balancer → Application Pod
4. Application → Database/Cache
5. Response → User

Background Job Flow

Section titled “Background Job Flow”
1. Job Queued → Redis Queue
2. Worker Process → Job Execution
3. Database Updates → Result Storage
4. Notifications → Email/WebSocket

File Upload Flow

Section titled “File Upload Flow”
1. Frontend Upload → Backend API
2. Backend Processing → MinIO Storage
3. Database Record → File Metadata
4. CDN Distribution → Global Access

📊 Scaling Architecture

Section titled “📊 Scaling Architecture”

Horizontal Scaling

Section titled “Horizontal Scaling”
  • Frontend: 1-5 replicas based on CPU
  • Backend: 1-10 replicas based on CPU/memory
  • Database: Read replicas for scaling reads
  • Cache: Redis cluster for distributed caching

Auto-scaling Triggers

Section titled “Auto-scaling Triggers”
Frontend:
  CPU: 80% threshold
  Memory: 70% threshold


Backend:
  CPU: 70% threshold
  Memory: 80% threshold
  Custom metrics: Queue length

Resource Allocation

Section titled “Resource Allocation”
Production Sizing:
  Small (< 1k users):
    - Frontend: 2 replicas
    - Backend: 2 replicas
    - Database: Single instance


  Medium (1k-10k users):
    - Frontend: 3-5 replicas
    - Backend: 3-7 replicas
    - Database: Master + replica


  Large (10k+ users):
    - Frontend: 5+ replicas
    - Backend: 5-10+ replicas
    - Database: Cluster setup

🔒 Security Architecture

Section titled “🔒 Security Architecture”

Defense in Depth

Section titled “Defense in Depth”
  1. Perimeter Security: Firewall, DDoS protection
  2. Network Security: Network policies, VPN access
  3. Application Security: HTTPS, input validation
  4. Data Security: Encryption at rest and in transit
  5. Access Security: RBAC, service accounts

Secrets Management

Section titled “Secrets Management”
Kubernetes Secrets:
├── Database credentials
├── API keys and tokens
├── TLS certificates
└── Service account keys

Network Policies

Section titled “Network Policies”
  • Pod-to-pod communication rules
  • Database access restrictions
  • External service limitations
  • Monitoring and logging access

🚀 Deployment Architecture

Section titled “🚀 Deployment Architecture”

GitOps Workflow

Section titled “GitOps Workflow”
Code Change → Git Repository
    ↓
CI/CD Pipeline → Image Build
    ↓
Container Registry → Image Storage
    ↓
Helm Deployment → Kubernetes
    ↓
Health Checks → Monitoring

Environment Strategy

Section titled “Environment Strategy”
  • Development: Local/staging cluster
  • Staging: Production-like environment
  • Production: Multi-zone deployment

Deployment Patterns

Section titled “Deployment Patterns”
  • Blue-Green: Zero-downtime deployments
  • Rolling Updates: Gradual rollout
  • Canary: Risk-reduced releases

🔍 Monitoring Architecture

Section titled “🔍 Monitoring Architecture”

Observability Stack

Section titled “Observability Stack”
Application Metrics → Prometheus
    ↓
Infrastructure Logs → Graylog
    ↓
Performance Data → Grafana
    ↓
Alert Rules → Notification System

Key Metrics

Section titled “Key Metrics”
  • Application: Response time, error rate, throughput
  • Infrastructure: CPU, memory, disk, network
  • Business: User activity, feature usage
  • Security: Failed login attempts, suspicious activity

📈 Performance Optimization

Section titled “📈 Performance Optimization”

Caching Strategy

Section titled “Caching Strategy”
  • Application Cache: Redis for dynamic content
  • Database Cache: Query result caching
  • CDN Cache: Static asset distribution
  • Browser Cache: Client-side caching

Database Optimization

Section titled “Database Optimization”
  • Indexing: Optimized database indexes
  • Query Optimization: Efficient query patterns
  • Connection Pooling: Resource management
  • Read Replicas: Load distribution

🔄 Disaster Recovery

Section titled “🔄 Disaster Recovery”

Backup Strategy

Section titled “Backup Strategy”
  • Database: Automated daily backups
  • Files: Object storage replication
  • Configuration: Git-based versioning
  • Secrets: Encrypted backup storage

Recovery Procedures

Section titled “Recovery Procedures”
  • RTO: 15 minutes for critical services
  • RPO: 1 hour maximum data loss
  • Testing: Monthly recovery drills
  • Documentation: Step-by-step procedures

🔗 Integration Points

Section titled “🔗 Integration Points”

External Services

Section titled “External Services”
  • Payment: Stripe integration
  • Email: AWS SES SMTP
  • Maps: Google Maps API
  • SMS: Twilio API
  • Currency: Exchange rate APIs

API Design

Section titled “API Design”
  • RESTful: Standard HTTP methods
  • Authentication: JWT tokens, API keys
  • Rate Limiting: Request throttling
  • Versioning: API version management

This architecture provides a robust, scalable, and secure foundation for modern SaaS applications, designed to handle growth from startup to enterprise scale while maintaining operational excellence.

🔄 Next Steps

Section titled “🔄 Next Steps”