Architecture Overview

Understanding the complete architecture of the Deplate.io infrastructure template - from high-level design to detailed component interactions.

The infrastructure follows a modern microservices architecture pattern with clear separation of concerns:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                     Internet                            │
└─────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────────┘
                  │
         ┌────────▼────────┐
         │   DNS & CDN     │
         │ (Cloudflare)    │
         └─────────┬───────┘
                   │
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│              Kubernetes Cluster                         │
│                                                         │
│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────┐  │
│  │            Load Balancer                         │  │
│  │           (Traefik Ingress)                      │  │
│  └────────────┬───────────────────┬─────────────────┘  │
│               │                   │                    │
│      ┌────────▼────────┐ ┌────────▼────────┐          │
│      │   Frontend      │ │    Backend      │          │
│      │   (Next.js)     │ │   (Laravel)     │          │
│      │                 │ │                 │          │
│      │ - SSR           │ │ - API Endpoints │          │
│      │ - Static Assets │ │ - WebSockets    │          │
│      │ - Auto-scaling  │ │ - Auto-scaling  │          │
│      └─────────────────┘ └─────────┬───────┘          │
│                                    │                  │
│                        ┌───────────▼───────────┐      │
│                        │    Background Jobs    │      │
│                        │                       │      │
│                        │ - Workers            │      │
│                        │ - Scheduler          │      │
│                        │ - Queue Processing   │      │
│                        └───────────┬───────────┘      │
│                                    │                  │
│      ┌─────────────────────────────▼─────────────────┐ │
│      │                Data Layer                     │ │
│      │                                               │ │
│      │ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐       │ │
│      │ │ MariaDB  │ │  Redis   │ │ RabbitMQ │       │ │
│      │ │(Database)│ │ (Cache)  │ │ (Queue)  │       │ │
│      │ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘       │ │
│      │                                               │ │
│      │ ┌──────────────┐ ┌──────────────┐           │ │
│      │ │    MinIO     │ │   Graylog    │           │ │
│      │ │  (Storage)   │ │  (Logging)   │           │ │
│      │ └──────────────┘ └──────────────┘           │ │
│      └───────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
                          │
                ┌─────────▼─────────┐
                │   AWS Services    │
                │                   │
                │ - SES (Email)     │
                │ - IAM (Access)    │
                │ - Route53 (DNS)   │
                └───────────────────┘

• Technology: Next.js 13+ with App Router
• Rendering: Server-Side Rendering (SSR) and Static Generation
• Deployment: Kubernetes deployment with auto-scaling
• Domains: yourdomain.com, www.yourdomain.com

Key Features:

• React 18+ with modern features
• TypeScript for type safety
• Optimized build caching
• Progressive Web App (PWA) capabilities
• SEO-optimized with structured data

• Technology: Laravel 10+ with PHP 8.2+
• Architecture: Multi-container deployment
• Domains: app.yourdomain.com

Container Structure:

Backend Pod:
├── Nginx Container (Web Server)
├── PHP-FPM Container (Application)
├── Init Container (Migrations)
└── Shared Volumes

Key Features:

• RESTful API endpoints
• WebSocket support (Laravel Reverb)
• Queue-based background processing
• Database migrations automation
• Session management with Redis

• Workers: Process queued jobs asynchronously
• Scheduler: Handles cron-like tasks
• Queue System: Redis-backed job queue

• Setup: High-availability cluster
• Features: Master-slave replication, automated backups
• Storage: Persistent volumes with SSD storage
• Monitoring: Performance metrics and slow query logging

MariaDB Cluster:
├── Primary Node (Read/Write)
├── Secondary Node (Read-only)
├── Automated Backups
└── Point-in-time Recovery

• Use Cases: Session storage, application cache, queue backend
• Configuration: Cluster mode with persistence
• Features: High availability with Sentinel

• Purpose: Reliable message delivery and job processing
• Features: Dead letter queues, message persistence
• Management: Web-based administration interface

• Compatibility: S3-compatible API
• Use Cases: File uploads, static assets, backups
• Features: Multi-tenancy, encryption, versioning

• Version: 1.19+ with modern features
• Networking: CNI with network policies
• Storage: CSI drivers for dynamic provisioning
• Security: RBAC, pod security policies

• Features: Automatic SSL/TLS, load balancing
• Integrations: Let’s Encrypt, middleware support
• Monitoring: Metrics and tracing

• Provider: Let’s Encrypt integration
• Features: Automatic renewal, wildcard certificates
• Validation: DNS-01 and HTTP-01 challenges

• Logs: Graylog for centralized logging
• Metrics: Prometheus for time-series data
• Alerting: Automated alert management
• Visualization: Grafana dashboards

• Features: Transactional email, bounce handling
• Configuration: DKIM, SPF, domain verification
• Monitoring: Delivery metrics and analytics

• Security: Least-privilege access
• Features: Service accounts, access key rotation
• Monitoring: CloudTrail audit logging

Internet Request
    ↓
DNS Resolution (Cloudflare)
    ↓
Load Balancer (Traefik)
    ↓
Application Pod (Frontend/Backend)
    ↓
Data Layer (Database/Cache)

1. Edge Security: DDoS protection, WAF
2. Network Policies: Pod-to-pod communication control
3. TLS Encryption: End-to-end encryption
4. RBAC: Kubernetes role-based access

• Primary: yourdomain.com → Frontend
• API: app.yourdomain.com → Backend
• Static: static.yourdomain.com → CDN/Storage
• Wildcard: *.yourdomain.com → Certificate coverage

1. User Request → CDN/DNS
2. CDN → Load Balancer
3. Load Balancer → Application Pod
4. Application → Database/Cache
5. Response → User

1. Job Queued → Redis Queue
2. Worker Process → Job Execution
3. Database Updates → Result Storage
4. Notifications → Email/WebSocket

1. Frontend Upload → Backend API
2. Backend Processing → MinIO Storage
3. Database Record → File Metadata
4. CDN Distribution → Global Access

• Frontend: 1-5 replicas based on CPU
• Backend: 1-10 replicas based on CPU/memory
• Database: Read replicas for scaling reads
• Cache: Redis cluster for distributed caching

Frontend:
  CPU: 80% threshold
  Memory: 70% threshold

Backend:
  CPU: 70% threshold
  Memory: 80% threshold
  Custom metrics: Queue length

Production Sizing:
  Small (< 1k users):
    - Frontend: 2 replicas
    - Backend: 2 replicas
    - Database: Single instance

  Medium (1k-10k users):
    - Frontend: 3-5 replicas
    - Backend: 3-7 replicas
    - Database: Master + replica

  Large (10k+ users):
    - Frontend: 5+ replicas
    - Backend: 5-10+ replicas
    - Database: Cluster setup

1. Perimeter Security: Firewall, DDoS protection
2. Network Security: Network policies, VPN access
3. Application Security: HTTPS, input validation
4. Data Security: Encryption at rest and in transit
5. Access Security: RBAC, service accounts

Kubernetes Secrets:
├── Database credentials
├── API keys and tokens
├── TLS certificates
└── Service account keys

• Pod-to-pod communication rules
• Database access restrictions
• External service limitations
• Monitoring and logging access

Code Change → Git Repository
    ↓
CI/CD Pipeline → Image Build
    ↓
Container Registry → Image Storage
    ↓
Helm Deployment → Kubernetes
    ↓
Health Checks → Monitoring

• Development: Local/staging cluster
• Staging: Production-like environment
• Production: Multi-zone deployment

• Blue-Green: Zero-downtime deployments
• Rolling Updates: Gradual rollout
• Canary: Risk-reduced releases

Application Metrics → Prometheus
    ↓
Infrastructure Logs → Graylog
    ↓
Performance Data → Grafana
    ↓
Alert Rules → Notification System

• Application: Response time, error rate, throughput
• Infrastructure: CPU, memory, disk, network
• Business: User activity, feature usage
• Security: Failed login attempts, suspicious activity

• Application Cache: Redis for dynamic content
• Database Cache: Query result caching
• CDN Cache: Static asset distribution
• Browser Cache: Client-side caching

• Indexing: Optimized database indexes
• Query Optimization: Efficient query patterns
• Connection Pooling: Resource management
• Read Replicas: Load distribution

• Database: Automated daily backups
• Files: Object storage replication
• Configuration: Git-based versioning
• Secrets: Encrypted backup storage

• RTO: 15 minutes for critical services
• RPO: 1 hour maximum data loss
• Testing: Monthly recovery drills
• Documentation: Step-by-step procedures

• Payment: Stripe integration
• Email: AWS SES SMTP
• Maps: Google Maps API
• SMS: Twilio API
• Currency: Exchange rate APIs

• RESTful: Standard HTTP methods
• Authentication: JWT tokens, API keys
• Rate Limiting: Request throttling
• Versioning: API version management

This architecture provides a robust, scalable, and secure foundation for modern SaaS applications, designed to handle growth from startup to enterprise scale while maintaining operational excellence.

• Quick Start - Deploy this architecture
• Backend Details - Deep dive into Laravel setup
• Infrastructure Modules - Explore individual components
• Security Guide - Implement security best practices